Fourth-Order Delay Differential Equations: New Monotonic Properties of Solutions

Shoura Ahmed  Balatta; Ishak  Hashim; Eddie Shahril  Ismail; Omar  Bazighifan; Shaher  Momani

doi:10.37256/cm.6120255413

Authors

Shoura Ahmed Balatta Department of Mathematical Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600, UKM Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3665-5044
Ishak Hashim Department of Mathematical Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600, UKM Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia https://orcid.org/0009-0007-6237-279X
Eddie Shahril Ismail Department of Mathematical Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600, UKM Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
Omar Bazighifan Department of Mathematics, Faculty of Education, Seiyun University, Hadhramout, 50512, Yemen https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7251-9608
Shaher Momani Nonlinear Dynamics Research Center (NDRC), Ajman University, Ajman PO Box 346, United Arab Emirates https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6326-8456

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.37256/cm.6120255413

Keywords:

delay, oscillation, fourth-order DEs

Abstract

New oscillation criteria for the fourth-order delay differential equation are presented. An essential feature of our results is that oscillation of the studied equation is ensured via some conditions. Furthermore, new criteria are provided to delay differential equations by using the Riccati transform technique, the integrated averaging approach, and the comparison method with second order. Our results essentially improve, extend, and simplify some known ones reported in the literature. The results are illustrated with examples.

Fourth-Order Delay Differential Equations: New Monotonic Properties of Solutions

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