Mathematical simulation for influence of thermocapillary radiative MHD unsteady couple stress ternary hybrid nanofluid on stretching parallel surface

Abstract

This study aims to provide a thorough mathematical simulation of the effects of heat radiation and thermocapillarity on the time-dependent flow of couple stress ternary hybrid nanofluid across a stretching parallel surface in magneto-hydrodynamics. The ternary hybrid nanofluid consists of Ag, TiO₂, Al₂O₃ nanoparticles dispersed within a base fluid, blood, enhancing its thermal performance. The governing partial differential equations are converted into a system of nonlinear ordinary differential equations by applying the proper similarity transformations to model the flow’s unstable behavior. After that, the Homotopy Analysis Method is used to solve these equations semi-analytically. The intricate interactions between radiative heat transport, thermocapillary forces induced by surface tension gradients, Lorentz force from the applied magnetic field, and couple stress effects are all captured in the simulation. The influence of main dimensionless parameters, including the magnetic parameter, couple stress parameter, nanoparticle volume fractions, dimensionless film thickness, unsteady parameter, thermal radiation parameter and Eckert number, on velocity profile, temperature profile, skin friction and Nusselt number in the form of graphs. According to the results, radiation improves the properties of heat transmission, whereas thermocapillarity dramatically changes the flow and thermal boundary layers. Furthermore, the fluid velocity is suppressed by the occurrence of magnetic fields and couple stress, providing information about possible control mechanisms in thermal management systems. The results’ graphical and tabular representations demonstrate how sensitive the temperature and velocity fields are to the physical parameters at play. These findings offer significant new insights into thermal management technologies and energy systems that employ complex nanofluid compositions.