A Ternary Shape-Preserving Refinement Algorithm with Fourth Order Accuracy

Authors

  • Fahad Sameer Alshammari Department of Mathematics, College of Science and Humanities in Alkharj, Prince Sattam bin Abdulaiz University, Al-Kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5402-8960
  • Pakeeza Ashraf Department of Mathematics, Government Sadiq College Women University, Bahawalpur, Pakistan https://orcid.org/0009-0006-6121-4530
  • Javeria Ashraf Department of Mathematics, Government Sadiq College Women University, Bahawalpur, Pakistan
  • Amna Kalsoom Department of Mathematics & Statistics, International Islamic University, Islamabad, Pakistan
  • Ali Akgul Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Saveetha School of Engineering, SIMATS, Chennai, Tamilnadu, India

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.37256/cm.7320268896

Keywords:

refinement algorithm, monotonicity, accuracy, iterative optimization, update rule, learning rate, gradient-based update, local computation, convergence analysis

Abstract

This paper introduces a new class of stationary refinement algorithms that combine the advantages of the four-point interpolatory algorithm and the cubic B-spline. This algorithm includes a tension parameter. This analysis identifies the range of this parameter and specifies conditions under which the proposed algorithm maintains shape-preserving properties such as monotonicity and convexity. The algorithm achieves improved smoothness, reaching C3 and fourth-order accuracy, while maintaining the same support length as both parent algorithms. Unlike many high-order algorithms that are nonlinear and complex, this method remains simple and efficient. Numerical examples are provided to demonstrate its practical performance, and the proposed algorithm is particularly well-suited for a discontinuous type of data set.

Downloads

Published

2026-05-28

How to Cite

1.
Sameer Alshammari F, Ashraf P, Ashraf J, Kalsoom A, Akgul A. A Ternary Shape-Preserving Refinement Algorithm with Fourth Order Accuracy. Contemp. Math. [Internet]. 2026 May 28 [cited 2026 Nov. 14];7(3):3661-84. Available from: https://ojs.wiserpub.com/index.php/CM/article/view/8896