Predator-Prey Dynamics Unveiling the Role of Harvesting and the Existence of Toxicity with Fading Memory with Neural Networking

Abstract

In the present study, the Holling Type-II functional response is integrated with additional harvesting and toxicity parameters to investigate the overall dynamics of a Caputo fractional-order predator-prey model. In order to capture the memory effects and nonlocal dynamics present in natural systems, the model incorporates fractional-order derivatives. Incorporating harvesting and toxicity impacts into the system allows us to gain insight into their effects on population stability and coexistence. The effect of functional response saturation on predator-prey interactions is also taken into account by the interaction terms. For the numerical method validation neural network analysis is used. The results provide novel insights regarding ecological system sustainability management by highlighting the significant effects of fractional ordering, life cycle analysis, harvesting, and toxicity on predator-prey interactions.