Contemporary Mathematics
https://ojs.wiserpub.com/index.php/CM
<p><em>Contemporary Mathematics</em> is a quarterly peer-reviewed scientific journal. Our ultimate goal is to make the journal an important source for publishing high quality papers related to the development of contemporary mathematics as well as a continuing and evolving source of interesting and relevant problems for researchers.</p> <p>The scope of this journal includes theoretical, numerical, and experimental studies in all fields of mathematics and the mathematical sciences. A broad spectrum of topics are covered: mathematical theory, pure mathematics, algebra, geometry and topology, complex analysis, differential equations, industrial mathematics, computational mathematics, discrete mathematics, applied mathematics, mathematical physics, etc.</p> <p>CiteScore (2023) Impact Factor 5 Year Impact Factor<br /> <a href="https://www.scopus.com/sourceid/21101125517" target="_blank" rel="noopener">0.6</a> 0.6 0.7</p>en-UScontemp.math@wiserpub.com (CM Editorial Office)tech@wiserpub.com (Kim Harris)Thu, 26 Dec 2024 00:00:00 +0800OJS 3.3.0.10http://blogs.law.harvard.edu/tech/rss60Trend Analysis of BSE Stock Prices Using Hidden Markov Models and Viterbi Algorithm
https://ojs.wiserpub.com/index.php/CM/article/view/4788
<p>Many forecasting techniques have been put forth and used in recent years to predict stock market trends. Recently, many researchers developed models based on Artificial Neural Network (ANN), Support Vector Machine (SVM), Fuzzy Logic (FL) and Moving Average (MA). This paper presents the trend analysis of the stock market prediction using the Hidden Markov Model and Viterbi algorithm with a 1-day, 2-day, 3-day, 4-day and 5-day variation in the close value for the specified time frame. In this work, we developed a BSE price forecasting model based on Hidden Markov Model due to its proven fittingness for modeling vigorous systems and pattern classification. We apply the HMM methodology to forecast the BSE closing price from Jan 2021 to Dec 2021 using available past datasets from Investopedia. The trend percentage of stock prices, which is computed for every observed sequence and hidden sequence, is provided by the probability values <em>π</em>. In situations of uncertainty, decision makers can use the proportion of probability values derived from the steady state probability distribution as a guide when making judgments.</p>S. Aarthi, S. Indrakala
Copyright (c) 2024 S. Indrakala, et al.
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https://ojs.wiserpub.com/index.php/CM/article/view/4788Mon, 30 Dec 2024 00:00:00 +0800Interconnection Between Schur Stability and Structured Singular Values
https://ojs.wiserpub.com/index.php/CM/article/view/5707
<p>In this paper, we present new results on the interconnections between Schur stability and structured singular values of real-valued matrices, denoted as R<sup><em>n</em><em>×</em><em>n </em></sup>. Most new findings are obtained for <em>n </em>= 2 and <em>n </em>= 3. These novel insights into the relationship between Schur stability and structured singular values are developed by applying various tools from linear algebra, system theory, and matrix analysis. Schur stability ensures that all eigenvalues lie within the unit circle in the complex plane, which is fundamental for the boundedness and stability of system responses. Structured singular values, on the other hand, provide a measure of robustness, stability, and performance against structured perturbations in system parameters, offering valuable insights into the stability margins and performance limits under such uncertainties.</p>M. Rehman, J. Alzabut, M. Tayyab, F. Amir
Copyright (c) 2024 M. Rehman, J. Alzabut, M. Tayyab, F. Amir
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https://ojs.wiserpub.com/index.php/CM/article/view/5707Mon, 30 Dec 2024 00:00:00 +0800An Optimized Beluga Whale Approach for Migration to Reduce Power and Service Level Agreement in Real-Time System
https://ojs.wiserpub.com/index.php/CM/article/view/3854
<p>Managing power consumption in cloud data centers has become a critical challenge. Live container migration is a technology supporting energy efficiency in this context. To address the hurdles of power consumption management, thereby mitigating carbon emissions and minimizing service level agreement (SLA) violations, we propose an approach utilizing a real-time server with the Beluga Whale Optimization Algorithm (BWOA) for container migration. The proposed approach aims to optimize energy consumption while ensuring SLA compliance. The BWOA, a machine learning-based method, is employed to predict the resource requirements of containers and migrate them to hosts with sufficient resources. We implemented the proposed approach in a real-time cloud server and compared its performance with other algorithms in terms of response time. The results demonstrate a remarkable 30% improvement in response time, leading to reduced SLA violations and optimized power consumption in containerized data centers.</p>Rukmini S, Shridevi Soma
Copyright (c) 2024 Rukmini S, et al.
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https://ojs.wiserpub.com/index.php/CM/article/view/3854Mon, 30 Dec 2024 00:00:00 +0800Strong Sandwich Results Involving the Riemann-Liouville Fractional Integral of an Extended <i>q</i>-Hypergeometric Function
https://ojs.wiserpub.com/index.php/CM/article/view/5294
<p>The classical theories of differential superordination and subordination have been extended to strong differential superordination and respectively, strong differential subordination. The two new theories have progressed well, revealing significant findings when various operators and specific hypergeometric functions have been included in the studies. The research revealed by this work expands the topic of the investigation by incorporating aspects of fractional calculus and quantum calculus. An extended version of <em>q</em>-hypergeometric function is introduced to correspond to the study of functions from the classes that were previously described and that are particularly defined for strong differential superordination and subordination theories. This work defines the Riemann-Liouville fractional integral applied to the extended <em>q</em>-hypergeometric function, used to get strong differential subordinations and superordination results. The theorems established for the strong differential superordination and subordination, establish the best subordinants and respectively the best dominants. Interesting corollaries are exposed for certain functions regarded as best subordinant or best dominant due to their particular geometric characteristics. Sandwich-type theorems and consequences conclude the study, stated to connect the outcomes obtained by applying the dual theories.</p>Alina Alb Lupaş
Copyright (c) 2024 Alina Alb Lupaş.
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https://ojs.wiserpub.com/index.php/CM/article/view/5294Tue, 31 Dec 2024 00:00:00 +0800Assessing the Efffects of Vaccination on Tuberculosis and COVID-19 Co-Infection Modelling
https://ojs.wiserpub.com/index.php/CM/article/view/3677
<p>In this paper, an epidemiological model is proposed to study the dynamics of coinfection diseases (TB) and COVID-19 with the effect of vaccination. Tuberculosis (TB) and COVID-19 both are infectious diseases that pose significant global health challenges. Evidence suggests that individuals with TB have a higher risk of acquiring the COVID-19 infection. With the emergence of the COVID-19 pandemic, concerns have arisen regarding the potential impact of the concomitant presence of TB and COVID-19. The epidemiological model is qualitatively analysed using stability analysis theory. The dynamic system exhibits a stable endemic equilibrium point while <em>R</em><sub>0</sub> <em>< </em>1 and unstable when <em>R</em><sub>0</sub> <em>> </em>1. The Lyapunov function is used to investigate the global stability of an endemic equilibrium point. The sensitivity analysis is carried out to identify the effective parameters that have the greatest influence on the reproduction number. Numerical results are carried out to assess the effect of various biological parameters in the dyanamic of both coinfection classes of TB & COVID-19. This study aims to analyze the implications of these concurrent diseases and predict the effect of vaccination in managing their coexistence. Our simulation results show that both the coinfection disease TB and COVID-19 can be reduced by increasing rate of vaccination.</p>Harshita Kaushik, V. S. Verma, Ram Singh, A. Manickam
Copyright (c) 2025 Harshita Kaushik, et al.
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https://ojs.wiserpub.com/index.php/CM/article/view/3677Wed, 03 Jan 2024 00:00:00 +0800Mathematical Modeling of Velocity Field Induced by the Vortex
https://ojs.wiserpub.com/index.php/CM/article/view/5125
<p>In new technological applications, it is important to use vortex distributions in the area for obtaining large velocity fields. Analogous to electromagnetic and fluid mechanics inductions, vortices are described by the same relationship: the Biot-Savart law. When vortex threads form a vortex track due to fluid mechanics, they induce, analogous to electrical coils on an iron core, a core flow that can be faster than the wind that generates it. In this publication, the velocity field induced in a cylinder using the axially symmetric system of vortex rings and screw vortices and the hydrodynamic flow function in the ideal incompressible fluid are calculated. Also similar problem for mathematical modelling of the heat generation in fluids with alternating current using vortexes is considered. In this paper, it was calculated the distribution of the velocity field and distribution of stream function for ideal incompressible fluid, induced by a different system of finite number of vortex threads: (1) circular vortex lines in a finite cylinder, positioned on its inner, (2) spiral vortex threads, positioned on the inner surface of the finite cylinder or cone, (3) linear vortex lines in the plane channel, positioned on its boundary. An original method was used to calculate the components of the velocity vectors. Such kind of procedure allows calculating the velocity fields inside the domain depending on the arrangement, the intensity, and the radii of vortex lines. In this paper, we have developed a mathematical model for the process in the element of Hurricane Energy Transformer. This element is a central figure in the so-called RKA (ReaktionsKraftAnlage) used on the cars' roofs.</p>I. Kangro, H. Kalis, A. Aboltins
Copyright (c) 2024 I. Kangro, et al.
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https://ojs.wiserpub.com/index.php/CM/article/view/5125Mon, 30 Dec 2024 00:00:00 +0800On Qualitative Behaviour of Solutions of Third Order Matrix Delay Differential Equations
https://ojs.wiserpub.com/index.php/CM/article/view/5875
<p>We analyze, using the Lyapunov-Krasovskii method, the conditions for the stability, boundedness and periodicity of solutions to a class of nonlinear matrix differential equation of third order with variable delay. Criteria under which the solutions to the equation considered possess solutions that are stable and bounded on the real line as well as existence of at least one periodic solution are given. Our results generalize and extend many existing results in the literature on scalar, vector and matrix differential equations with or without delay. The integrity of our results is demonstrated by two numerical examples included.</p>Adetunji. A. Adeyanju, Cemil Tunç, Babatunde. S. Ogundare
Copyright (c) 2024 Cemil Tunç, et al.
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https://ojs.wiserpub.com/index.php/CM/article/view/5875Tue, 31 Dec 2024 00:00:00 +0800Risk Assessment for Start-Up Business in SMEs: Qualitative and Mathematical Approach
https://ojs.wiserpub.com/index.php/CM/article/view/3394
<p>Due to its crucial role in economic growth and job creation, there has been a notable increase in start-up businesses, particularly small and medium enterprises (SMEs). Many start-up entrepreneurs, however, struggle to sustain their businesses beyond the first five years, and some ultimately fail. This can be attributed to their various risks and challenges during their entrepreneurial journey. Consequently, risk management emerges as a valuable tool for entrepreneurs to identify and effectively address these risks. Hence, this research paper aims to devise a new mathematical formulation for the risk management index of start-up businesses in SMEs, employing qualitative and quantitative approaches. Interviews were conducted with experts to identify the risk factors specific to start-up businesses, and the data collected was subsequently analyzed using the Atlas ti software. Furthermore, a mathematical formulation for the risk management index was developed using a fundamental composite index formulation. The findings reveal the presence of five distinct risk factors in start-up businesses within SMEs. A mathematical formulation and a key indicator index were also established for assessing start-up business readiness in SMEs. These formulations and key indicator indexes are pivotal in enabling entrepreneurs to gauge their readiness for a new business venture. The findings contribute to alternative risk management tools for SMEs, especially for small businesses that are just getting started.</p>Siti Nadhirah Mohamad Fauzi, Puspa Liza Ghazali, Rabiatul Adawiyah Abdul Rahim, Farah Amalina Md Nawi, Salman Lambak, Eni Noreni Mohamad Zain, Mohamad Afendee Mohamed
Copyright (c) 2025 Rabiatul Adawiyah Abdul Rahim, et al.
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https://ojs.wiserpub.com/index.php/CM/article/view/3394Wed, 03 Jan 2024 00:00:00 +0800Application of Laplace Transform Method to Solve Neutral-Type Delay Differential Equation
https://ojs.wiserpub.com/index.php/CM/article/view/4163
<p>This study investigates the use of the Laplace transform method to resolve a particular class of second-order linear initial-value neutral delay differential equations, which are prevalent in fields such as physics and engineering. By employing this analytical approach, we derive exact solutions that facilitate a deeper awareness of the dynamics of the system and its stability characteristics. A thorough illustrative example is provided to illustrate the Laplace transform method's efficacy, showcasing its practical utility in addressing real-world problems. This study not only highlights the advantages of the Laplace transform in providing clear insights into complex delay systems but also emphasizes its relevance in both theoretical and applied contexts.</p>K. Sasikala; D. Piriadarshani , Vediyappan Govindan, Mana Donganont, Siriluk Donganont, Choonkil Park
Copyright (c) 2024 D. Piriadarshani, et al.
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https://ojs.wiserpub.com/index.php/CM/article/view/4163Tue, 31 Dec 2024 00:00:00 +0800Collocation Technique Based on Chebyshev Polynomial to Solve Lane-Emden-Fowler Boundary Value Problem
https://ojs.wiserpub.com/index.php/CM/article/view/3785
<p>We present an innovative technique to find numerical solutions of the Lane-Emden-Fowler singular-type BVPs which plays a crucial role in comprehending a wide range of physical phenomena. The core concept of this technique is based on transforming the differential equation into the Fredholm integral equation, then it is converted into system of linear or nonlinear algebraic equations by utilizing the collocation technique based on Chebyshev polynomials. Subsequently, we employ an iterative numerical method, such as the Newton’s method, for solving the system to get the approximate solution. Error analysis is included which helps to assess the accuracy of the obtained solutions and provides insights into the reliability of the numerical results. Furthermore, we have also considered various examples to demonstrate the applicability of the collocation technique based on Chebyshev polynomials and compared with the existing results.</p>Shabanam Kumari, Arvind Kumar Singh, Utsav Gupta
Copyright (c) 2025 Arvind Kumar Singh, et al.
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https://ojs.wiserpub.com/index.php/CM/article/view/3785Wed, 03 Jan 2024 00:00:00 +0800Computational Behavior of Trihybrid Casson Nanofluid Blood Flow Occurring Inside the Conical Gap Between the Rotating Disk and the Cone
https://ojs.wiserpub.com/index.php/CM/article/view/5291
<p>The investigation of the flow patterns of a trihybrid nanofluid flow situated in the conical gap that is created among a revolving disc and a stationary cone computationally examined in this study. Three different types of nanoparticles, <em>Al</em>2<em>O</em><sub>3</sub>, <em>TiO</em><sub>2</sub> and Ag are examined with blood as the base fluid according to flow properties and energy phenomenon. While discussing the heat transfer mechanism in trihybrid nanofluid flow crossing through the disc and cone, four different types of cases are explored likewise the disc and cone may be rotating at the same rate or at different rates, or one may be stationary about the other. The numerical scheme is planted to observe the fluid flow and heat transfer patterns. In the current article, we investigated rheological parameters, including rotating speed, cone angle, and concentration of nanoparticles, and the effect of heat transfer performance over velocity and temperature patterns. The results shed light on the complex interactions between the geometric and nanofluid characteristics, providing useful information for fluid dynamics and thermal management applications. This fluid model is also useful for the study of blood pressure, arthritis, brain therapy, and malignant tumors. The graphs are plotted using the MATLAB program BVP4C to ensure convergence. Several variables, such as a magnetic parameter, Prandtl's number, and Reynold's number, have an impact on temperature and velocity profiles. It is evident that the amalgamation of the fraction of three nanoparticles reduces the velocity and enhances the temperature of the nanofluid. The momentum boundary layer expands when the cone and disc rotate in the same direction.</p>Yasir Mehmood, Waseem Abbasi, Musaed Alhussein, Khursheed Aurangzeb, Asia Rehman, Muhammad Shahid Anwar
Copyright (c) 2024 Muhammad Shahid Anwar, et al.
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https://ojs.wiserpub.com/index.php/CM/article/view/5291Thu, 26 Dec 2024 00:00:00 +0800On the Edge Irregularity Strength of Finite Graphs
https://ojs.wiserpub.com/index.php/CM/article/view/5957
<p>In this paper, we state the value of edge irregularity strength for the complete graphs <em>K</em><sub><em>n </em></sub>of order <em>n </em><em>≥ </em>3, wheel graphs <em>W</em><sub><em>n </em></sub>where <em>n </em><em>≥ </em>3 and the union of disjoint graphs. Also we state a lower bound for edge irregularity strength for the complete sun graph of order 2<em>n </em>and size <img src="https://ojs.wiserpub.com/public/site/images/admin/mceclip2-f30877aacb7e7f20aaaf3cf25182ac4e.png" />.</p>Asma Almazaydeh, Bilal N. Al-Hasanat, Remal S. Al-Gounmeein
Copyright (c) 2025 Asma Almazaydeh, et al.
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https://ojs.wiserpub.com/index.php/CM/article/view/5957Wed, 03 Jan 2024 00:00:00 +0800Exploring the Hidden Symmetry of Quaternions: Dual Balancing and Cobalancing Numbers and Their Corresponding Quaternions
https://ojs.wiserpub.com/index.php/CM/article/view/3537
<p>This paper unveils the hidden symmetry of quaternions through the introduction of Dual Balancing and Dual Cobalancing numbers, along with their corresponding quaternions. We provide Binet's formulas, generating functions, and a multitude of intriguing properties to foster a comprehensive understanding of these concepts. Furthermore, we present matrix representations to offer a fresh perspective on the Dual Balancing and Dual Cobalancing quaternions. The implications of this study go beyond theoretical applications and may have practical implications in diverse fields.</p>Süleyman Aydınyüz
Copyright (c) 2025 Suleyman Aydinyuz.
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https://ojs.wiserpub.com/index.php/CM/article/view/3537Wed, 03 Jan 2024 00:00:00 +0800Optimum Flows in Directed Planar Dynamic Networks. The Dynamic Approch
https://ojs.wiserpub.com/index.php/CM/article/view/5401
<p>Optimum flows in directed planar dynamic networks are essential for several reasons, impacting a variety of fields. These networks present unique challenges that require advanced optimization techniques to ensure efficient and reliable performance. In this paper we consider a time-varying directed planar network without parallel arcs and loops, where a flow must take a certain time to traverse an arc. The problem is to find an optimal (minimal or maximal) solution to send the optimum (minimum or maximum) flow from the source node to the sink node, within a given time <em>T</em>.</p>Camelia Schiopu, Eleonor Ciurea
Copyright (c) 2025 Camelia Schiopu, et al.
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https://ojs.wiserpub.com/index.php/CM/article/view/5401Wed, 03 Jan 2024 00:00:00 +0800