https://ojs.wiserpub.com/index.php/FCE/issue/feed Fine Chemical Engineering 2024-10-25T14:26:31+08:00 Triston editorial-fce@wiserpub.com Open Journal Systems <p><em>Fine Chemical Engineering</em> is an international, peer-reviewed, open access journal which is semi-yearly published online. It is an essential journal for chemical engineers, chemists, biologists, materials and environmental scientists, physicists and other researchers in cross-disciplinary areas, which represents the cutting-edge research on fine chemicals, and promotes the development of science and technology, optimization strategies, analysis, applications and life-cycle scrutiny of such chemicals. <a href="https://ojs.wiserpub.com/index.php/FCE/about">See more topics...</a></p> https://ojs.wiserpub.com/index.php/FCE/article/view/5083 Evaluating the Potentials of Local Soil Samples and Alum in Removing Color from Slaughterhouse Wastewater by Coagulation and Filtration 2024-08-01T09:18:41+08:00 Cornelius Tsamo tcornelius73@yahoo.com Martin Ngwabie tcornelius73@yahoo.com Jourdin Gongwala tcornelius73@yahoo.com Abba Paltahe tcornelius73@yahoo.com <p>A large quantity of slaughterhouse wastewater (SWW), containing many pollutants, is generated during the slaughtering and cleaning process and needs to be treated before discharge to protect the environment. Slaughterhouse effluent treatment by filtration using soil/sand media, which is cheaper and more affordable than most advanced technologies that are not affordable in developing countries, is scarce in the literature. In this study, coagulation and filtration, carried out independently, were used to remove the color from SWW. Local alum (coagulant), gravel, sand, and soil were used for treating the wastewater. The physico-chemical parameters of raw SWW and treated SWW were determined. SWW concentration, reactor volume, and coagulant dose were used to evaluate the batch coagulation process, while soil type, soil/sand mixtures at different bed heights, SWW initial pH, SWW concentration, and backwashing of the column were used to evaluate the filtration process. The local alum used is mainly composed of SiO<sub>2</sub> (2.17%) and Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> (67.12%). At the end of this study, 0.2 g of local alum was chosen as the optimum dosage, and it was concluded that local alum is as good as commercial alum in the treatment of SWW. Results also show that coagulation efficiency increases with an increase in the volume of SWW (maximum value 87.61%) and the concentration of SWW (maximum value 86.79%). The % of soil/sand mixture, bed height, pH, concentration, and backwashing have an effect on filtration efficiency. A bed height of 30 cm, having 25% soil and 75% sand, gave the best color removal (with a mean filtration efficiency of 74.22 ± 7.78%) in SWW. Filtration efficiency increases as pH increases, decreases as wastewater concentration increases, and increases with backwashing. Combined coagulation and filtration using local soils and sand produced improved SWW with properties close to the World Health Organization drinking water standards, reducing biological oxygen demand (BOD) by 98.26% and chemical oxygen demand (COD) by 98.89%.</p> 2024-11-19T00:00:00+08:00 Copyright (c) 2024 Cornelius Tsamo, Martin Ngwabie, Jourdin Gongwala, Abba Paltahe https://ojs.wiserpub.com/index.php/FCE/article/view/5548 Di-hydrogen Storage in Novel (C<sub>n</sub>Ge<sub>n</sub>)<sub>2</sub> Nanostructures: Theoretical Study at Density Functional Theory (DFT) Level 2024-09-19T17:23:20+08:00 Sellam Djamila djamila.sellam@ummto.dz Elkebich Moumena m.elkebiche@gmail.com Arbia Yassamina arbiayassamina@yahoo.com Brahimi Meziane m.brahimi@usthb.dz <p>The Di-hydrogen solid-state is formed only at very low temperatures and pressures exceeding 1.5 million atmospheres. These draconian conditions are harmful to the economic and safe use of hydrogen, even if several studies refer to solid hydrogen which in reality is hydrogen adsorbed or absorbed on metallic surfaces or other. The objective of this research is to find new nanostructures with cages form that are able to confine a larger number of hydrogen molecules, potentially suggesting the geometry of the unit cell of solid hydrogen under standard conditions of (P, T). For this purpose, we use the density functional theory (DFT) method with the B3LYP and ωB97XD functional with the 6-31+G* basis. The MP2/6-311G++(d,p) level leads to the same results. The calculations of energies formation, infrared (IR) spectra, the shape of the molecular orbitals frontiers (MOF) and the Energy Gap will be done at theoretical level. These cage nanostructures are potential candidates for the Di-hydrogen storage. The 2H<sub>2</sub> complex adopts a planar geometry, whereas 3H<sub>2</sub> assumes a bi-pyramidal geometry with a square base.</p> 2024-12-17T00:00:00+08:00 Copyright (c) 2024 Sellam Djamila, Elkebich Moumena, Arbia Yassamina, Brahimi Meziane https://ojs.wiserpub.com/index.php/FCE/article/view/5137 Box-Behnken Design for MAFM Precision Surface Finishing of Al-6063/SiC/B<sub>4</sub>C Composites: A Comparative Study with Nature-Inspired Algorithms 2024-08-12T15:03:02+08:00 Gagandeep Chawla gagan1984mech@gmail.com Rishi Sarup Sharma gagandeepchawla@jmit.ac.in Vinod Kumar Mittal gagandeepchawla@jmit.ac.in <p>Precision polishing is difficult for advanced materials like silicon carbide and boron carbide. Magnetic abrasive flow machining (MAFM) has become an effective method for cleaning, deburring, and polishing metal and high-tech engineering parts. By finishing hybrid Al/SiC/B<sub>4</sub>C-metal matrix composites (MMCs), this research uses MAFM for experimental readings. The present work is innovative due to the aluminum workpiece fixture, hybrid composites, and response surface methodology (RSM) modeling. The neural simulation of the MAFM process and nature-inspired error reduction make it unique. Using six input and two output parameters, a generic framework is created. Box-Behnken design (BBD) of response surface methodology plans and executes 54 runs of experimentation. The hybrid artificial neural network (ANN) technique is used to compare the MAFM process systematically. ANN is used to model parameter input-output relations. To anticipate the created surface accurately, regression models must be precise. These hybrid particle swarm optimization (PSO)-genetic algorithm (GA)-simulated annealing (SA) algorithms optimize the MAFM process. Additionally, trained ANN models outperform the BBD model in prediction. For optimal error reduction, the neural network uses Bayesian regularization with 112 iterations. The ANN model regression graph shows a correlation between inputs and outputs. A scanning electron microscope (SEM) with 300-magnification examines the workpiece surface. According to SEM, MAFM provides fine surface textures, thus reducing abnormalities.</p> 2024-10-25T00:00:00+08:00 Copyright (c) 2024 Gagandeep Chawla, Rishi Sarup Sharma, Vinod Kumar Mittal https://ojs.wiserpub.com/index.php/FCE/article/view/5406 Spectrophotometric Determination of Exchangeable (Mobile) Aluminum in Soil Using Arsenazo I 2024-09-06T11:44:36+08:00 Svetlana Lokhanina swetlei@mail.ru Larisa Trubacheva swetlei@mail.ru Maria Ivanova swetlei@mail.ru Aleksei Trubachev swetlei@mail.ru <p>The possibility of using arsenazo I as a reagent for the spectrophotometric determination of the content of exchangeable (mobile) aluminum in soils of various types (clay, loamy, sandy, and sandy loam) is considered. An algorithm of analysis has been developed, taking into account the methodological guidelines MGU 4.1.2466, calibration dependencies have been established, and soil samples have been analyzed according to certified and proposed experimental methods. As a certified methodology, the methodology for performing measurements of GOST 26485 "Soils. Determination of exchangeable [mobile] aluminum by the SICAA method", in which one of the reagents is xylene orange has been used. To determine the effect of soil type on the results of aluminum determination, samples with different humus content and metabolic acidity were analyzed, and an artificial soil humification Al(III) reagent was used to study the effect of organic compounds on the analytical signal. It was determined that humus affects the measurement results only when its content is significant. It has been established that the use of arsenazo I for the spectrophotometric determination of exchangeable (mobile) aluminum in soil is possible along with the reagents provided by a certified measurement technique-xylene orange and chromazurol C. A number of advantages of using arsenazo I to determine the content of mobile aluminum have been established.</p> 2024-11-19T00:00:00+08:00 Copyright (c) 2024 Svetlana Lokhanina, Larisa Trubacheva, Maria Ivanova, Aleksei Trubachev