Unveiling Capillary-Tissue Fluid Exchange: Understanding Red Blood Cell Deformation in Constricted Vessels and its Clinical Significance

Abstract

Capillary-tissue fluid exchange plays a critical role in maintaining tissue homeostasis, and understanding the behavior of red blood cells (RBCs) in narrow vessels is fundamental to elucidating this process. This paper explored the phenomenon of RBC deformation in constricted vessels and its clinical implications. This study delves into the intricate dynamics of blood flow within narrow capillaries, particularly focusing on situations where the diameter of these vessels is smaller than that of red blood cells (RBCs). In such confined spaces, the proximity between RBCs and the vessel walls is minimal, allowing plasma to permeate through. This research explored how various factors, including the shape of deformed RBCs, their velocity, and tissue permeability, influence blood flow patterns. It reveals that in scenarios where tissues exhibit lower permeability, blood flow tends to be more uniform, while faster-moving RBCs encounter less resistance. By comparing its findings with existing models, this study underscores its significance in advancing our understanding of blood flow dynamics in small vessels. Such insights hold promise for the development of novel diagnostic tools targeting a range of diseases. Additionally, this paper discussed the clinical relevance of RBC deformability in various pathological conditions, including microvascular diseases, ischemia-reperfusion injury, and inflammation. Understanding the complex interplay between RBC deformability, microvascular function, and disease pathology has significant implications for the development of novel diagnostic and therapeutic strategies targeting capillary-tissue fluid exchange.