Nanoarchitectonics

Perspective on an Emerging Frontier of Nanoscience Opened up by Dressed Photon Studies

2023-08-08T17:39:40+08:00

The core parts of developing dressed photon (DP) research that require advanced knowledge of highly mathematical quantum field theory and their potentially important impacts on the wide spectrum of long-term scientific activities in general, not necessarily restricted to those in the natural science sector, are succinctly explained in this article. Although a considerable number of remarkable technological achievements in the field of nanophotonics have been attained by utilizing DP phenomena, from the theoretical viewpoint, they remain enigmatic, as in the case of dark matter and energy in cosmology. Under such circumstances, an intriguing working hypothesis (WH) for DPs is proposed by the authors of this article through a combination of Ojima’s micro-macro duality theory and the Greenberg-Robinson theorem, claiming that the space-like momentum contribution is an inevitable element for quantum field interactions to occur. Note that, as the Schrödinger’s cat thought experiment clearly shows, the widespread common quantum mechanics knowledge is incapable of explaining how the invisible quantum world is connected to our familiar visible classical world. In the above-mentioned WH, the main reason why we cannot explain either DPs or dark entities in cosmology is shown to have roots in the fact that the prevailing theories have not revealed an important role of spacelike momentum in connecting the quantum and classical worlds. Our new WH further shows that the entire universe is connected by an instantaneous spacelike entropic spin network, as in the case of quantum spin entanglement explained in mainstream physics. Since such a network may have a close relation with the nonlocal consciousness field, which seems to be the final frontier of physics, our perspective on such a possibility is briefly given in the final section of this paper.

Stimulation of MSCs Osteogenic Differentiation on a Micro/ Nanofibrous Scaffold Using Mechanical Stimulation in the Perfusion Bioreactor

2023-12-01T14:44:44+08:00

In tissue engineering, the 3D constructs seeded with cells tested in vitro in static conditions suffer from poor cellular penetration and non-homogenous matrix deposition, due to the insufficient flow of nutrients, gases and signal molecules through the scaffold volume. However, a dynamic culture of cells can improve these drawbacks and simulate physiological conditions, such as flow in the canalicular system of bones. The purpose of this comparative study was to evaluate the different flow rates of 1 and 3 mL/min of perfusion bioreactor on human mesenchymal stromal cells (hMSCs), seeded in an osteogenic media on 3D porous constructs. After three weeks of dynamic cultivation, the metabolic activity and proliferation of the cells was evaluated, as well as the alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity and the expression of bone related genes, RunX2, collagen type I and osteocalcin. The dynamic culture conditions did not influence the metabolic activity of hMSCs. The highest cell proliferation was detected on the scaffold cultured at a flow rate of 3 mL/min. The dynamic culture did not prove the penetration of cells into the scaffold's volume. The ALP activity, and PCR analysis of osteogenic markers RunX2 and collagen type I were highest on the scaffolds cultured at 1 mL/min, compared to the static culture and even to the dynamic culture at 3 mL/min. The study shows that hMSCs behave differently in different flow rates. While the higher flow rate (3 mL/min, shear stress 479 mPa) improved cell proliferation, the slower flow rate of 1 mL/min (shear stress 160 mPa) supported the ALP activity and expression of osteogenic marker genes. Interestingly, our expectation that dynamic culture improves cell penetration into the scaffold was not proved.

Genetic Incorporation of Non-canonical Amino Acids in Anti-HER2 VHH: Expression and Characterization

2023-08-02T15:12:30+08:00

Nanobodies– or VHH– are small proteins (~120 residues) issued from antibodies with an intact recognition for the original target of the antibody. In the present study, we show the possibility of incorporating non-canonical amino acids at precise location of the sequence via classical genetic techniques (Genetic Code Expansion). We demonstrate that the amount of recombinant protein obtained is compatible with large production format. We show that this protein can be purified, that its sequence corresponds to the theoretical molecular weight and that the two non-canonical amino acids are incorporated at the desired locations of the sequence. Finally, we show by SPR that the affinity of these VHHs is maintained towards its target, HER2.