Universal Journal of Carbon Research

Stochastic dynamics mass spectrometric structural analysis of poly(methyl methacrylate)

2024-03-12T15:12:18+08:00

Polymers such as poly(methyl methacrylate), comprising of all-carbon backbones are regarded as ubiquitous functional materials mainly due to their low cost, unique physical properties, and impressive robustness. The latter properties are results from relative chemical inertness of the polymer backbone carbon–carbon bonds. The highlighted stability crucially challenges not only innovations to plastic recycling polymer materials, but also developments of reliable analytical protocols for determining both quantitatively and structurally polymers. Despite, the fact that there are numerous applications of mass spectrometric methods to polymer science, the analysis involves chiefly annotation of monomers of polymers and additives, owing to the fact that the additives are low molecular weight analytes. The exact structural determining of end-chain groups, particularly highlighting chemically substituted end carbon–carbon bond represents significant challenge even utilizing the superior features of the analytical mass spectrometric instrumentation. This study, in the latter context, illustrates innovative stochastic dynamics approach and model equations capable of not only determining unambiguously substituted carbon–carbon end chain of the entitled polymer but also to predict mass spectra of its derivatives: thus, extending crucially the applicability of the method to many fields of the fundamental scientific and industrial research. The latter claim is argued still at the beginning of the study with the achieved method performances showing |r|=0.9999₈. The study utilizes experimental and theoretical mass spectrometric data on high resolution electrospray ionization mass spectrometry; high accuracy quantum chemical static methods, molecular dynamics; and chemometrics.

A Review of Advances in Carbon Dioxide Capture with the Aim of Reusing Them as Fuel

2024-01-25T14:35:11+08:00

Currently, converting CO₂ from industrial exhaust into fuel is a challenging issue that many researchers are working on. As it is obvious, adsorption and conversion are two distinct processes, and there is a need for special materials and conditions to occur in each of them. Lately, there have been efforts to combine these two steps by using dual functional materials (DFMs) and making adsorbents and catalysts simultaneously. DFMs comprise two components. The first component of DFMs is the adsorbent, which researchers can get from oxides, carbonates, or both. The second component is the catalyst, which is typically made of metallic elements, such as Nickel or Ruthenium. Capturing systems of CO₂ by DFMs, innovative developments, and suggested ways to boost the efficiency of CO₂ capture are discussed in this review. DFMs made with changed adsorbents perform better in CO₂ adsorption and conversion, according to sources.

Exploring Sustainable Supply Chain Management Practice and Environmental Performance: A Systematic Review Perspective

2023-12-19T15:46:06+08:00

Weather conditions transformation has exacerbated humanity challenges as nations continue to struggle between carbon reduction and rapid industrial economic development. Although, both developed and developing countries reaffirmed their solemn promise to mitigate existing carbon emission, research on sustainable development, eco-friendly, and low-carbon supply chain links remain unstudied. As a result, the study responds to the research interrogation: "Why and in what way are businesses adopting to sustainable strategies to promote sustainable supply chain management (SSCM) in their production?" In response, the researchers obtain and synthesis 19 literature papers for constructive analysis and interpretation from the Scopus database which has the reputation of housing peer-reviewed articles in a broader range of study disciplines. The findings indicate, it is imperative for organization to enhances their SSCM activities such as waste management and re-manufacturing, eco-friendly manufacturing and remanufacturing, logistics in reversal and networking plan, green manufacturing, green purchasing, green operation and low-carbon supply chains. Moreover, to maintain the supply chain operations for the global benefit, businesses must evaluate and acknowledge their primary sustainable risk activities from the previous through to the present, and the forthcoming structural plan.

Research of the Process of Electrochemical Deposition of Chromium in the Presence of a Composite Compound Based on Detonation Diamond-Containing Carbon

2024-02-02T15:29:59+08:00

The purpose of the study is to develop a method for obtaining high-quality electrochemical chromium coating using a new type of diamond-containing additive that has significant advantages over traditionally used detonation nanodiamonds (DNA) in the form of aqueous suspensions. Detonation diamond-containing carbon (DDC) obtained by detonation of charges from tetryl was used as an additive. DDC contains 63,0 wt. % DNA and 4.4 wt. % non-combustible impurities. We used standard chromium electrolyte: CrO₃ - 250 g/l, H₂SO₄ – 2,5 g/l, DNA – from 0,2 to 5 g/l, traditional methodologies and algorithm of experimentation. The scope of the study is limited to the creation and application of a specific, easy to handle and prepare formulation with DDC. DDC can be added to the standard chromium electrolyte directly or in the form of freshly prepared aqueous suspension, it is environmentally safe.

The originality of the work lies in the application of a cheap diamond-containing product obtained directly after the explosion of an individual explosive (tetryl) and providing stability of DDC suspensions. An increase in microhardness of wear-resistant chrome coating by 1,5 times (up to 11 GPa) and hard chrome coating by 1,7 times (up to 13,3 GPa) was achieved. The wear resistance of the obtained coatings increased by 1,9 times. Concentration (per pure detonation nanodiamond (DNA)) from 0,63 to 3,15 g/l in the electrolyte (very low).

Strength Characteristics of Carbon Fiber Reinforced Plastic in Shear and Cyclic Extension-Compression after 7 Years of Climate Exposure

2024-01-23T16:54:36+08:00

The results of studies of carbon fiber reinforced plastic (CFRP) for aviation purposes based on the Cycom 977-2 epoxy binder and Tenax® IMS carbon fibers after 7 years of exposure under a canopy and on an open atmospheric stand in the warm humid climate of Sochi are presented. The influence of climatic aging is determined by the change in strength parameters during interlaminar shear and cyclic tension – compression. After exposure under a canopy, the strength characteristics during interlaminar shear and cyclic tension–compression increase by 7–13 %. If the plate is under the direct influence of solar radiation, then the strength characteristics of the material are slightly reduced, but remain at the level of the original values. The kinetic concept of fracture was used to interpret the results. The thermal activation analysis showed that the characteristics of the inelasticity of the plate specimens, both in terms of the relaxation and hysteresis parts of energy absorption, correspond to their strength characteristics.