Non-Linear Control of Fuel Cell/Ultra-Capacitor Hybrid Electric Vehicle Using Comprehensive Function Algorithm Based on IDA-PBC

Abstract

Hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs) have become increasingly popular due to their high fuel economy performance and low greenhouse gas emissions. HEVs that use fuel cells produce fewer emissions and are more efficient than many other types of cars. Accordingly, many researchers are significantly interested in applying a combination of the fuel cell (FC) and the ultra-capacitor (UC) for HEVs. This study proposes a method for improving the control of an FC/UC hybrid electric vehicle, also analyzing its performance. In the HEV used, the fuel cell provides the main power, but in transient situations where the FC cannot support the vehicle alone, the UC gives the stored energy to the system to solve the energy deficiency. In this study, the interconnection and damping assignment passivity-based control (IDA-PBC) method is applied and regulates the system performance under nonlinear operation. In addition, a comprehensive energy management strategy proposes to cover all driving cycle situations. The main control objective is to keep the system voltage within an acceptable range despite the appropriate dynamic behavior. To increase the accuracy of the results, in system structure modeling, energy losses are considered. In the case study part, a standard Japanese driving cycle (SJDC) uses, which comprises different practical conditions such as off-load, overload, uphill, and downhill. The simulation results using MATLAB/Simulink show the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm and control method.