Improvement of Polypropylene (PP)-Chitosan Nanoparticles (CNP) for Advanced Bio-Composite

Abstract

This study delves into the augmentation of polypropylene (PP) with chitosan nanoparticles (CNP) to develop bio-composites tailored for multifaceted applications, particularly in the context of environments. The investigation focuses on characterizing these composites concerning their structural, thermal, degradation, and electrochemical properties. Commercial polypropylene waste obtained from the Federal University of Technology, Akure (FUTA), underwent meticulous processing, converting it into pellets of varying sizes. Chitosan nanoparticles were derived from chitin, procured from a Lagos-based seafood company. These fillers were judiciously chosen for their ability to confer heightened conductivity, cost-effectiveness, biodegradability, and availability. The synthesis involved the preparation of nano-chitosan (CNP) through a method wherein chitosan powder underwent dissolution and subsequent reaction with Sodium Tri-Poly-Phosphate (TPP). Composite blends with different weight percentages of PP and CNP were formulated using a solvent casting method. Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) was employed to discern surface functionalities in the PP/CNP bio-composites. The results revealed significant alterations in functional groups upon the introduction of chitosan nanoparticles into the PP matrix, suggesting chemical modifications within the composite structure. Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA) and Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) elucidated the thermal behavior of the composites, indicating a decrease in thermal stability with increasing CNP content. Water absorption tests displayed variances in absorption rates, with higher CNP content leading to escalated water absorption capabilities due to the hydrophilic nature of chitosan. Soil biodegradability assessments unveiled a direct correlation between chitosan content and degradation rates, evidencing enhanced biodegradability with higher concentrations of chitosan nanoparticles. Electrochemical measurements via Cyclic Voltammetry depicted a marked increase in specific capacitance with 30% CNP inclusion, signifying improved charge storage capabilities in the composite.