MLMI: A Machine Learning Model for Estimating Risk of Myocardial Infarction

Abstract

Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are a global threat of high morbidity and mortality. Myocardial infarction (MI) due to coronary vessel malfunctions is one of the leading causes of mortality due to CVD. Interestingly, all CVD patients do not develop MI, and vice versa. Clinically, thus, it is a gray area. Therefore, an appropriate MI risk scoring (MIRS) tool could be useful to identify the high-risk (HR) population suffering from CVD. This research paper presents a hybrid machine learning (ML) model (MLMI) to identify MI risk where a) clustering of the CVD population with the help of the Gaussian mixture model (GMM) is used to identify the HR and not high-risk (NHR) groups, b) feature engineering of the members in both the HR and NHR populations using regression method that estimates the coefficient of determination (R²) to explore significant features to create the model by c) leveraging the R² values > 0.7 as the key features of the input dataset to a d) Feed-forward neural network (FFNN) for scoring the risk on a set of synthetic patient data, created by three experienced medical doctors. The myocardial infarction risk scores (MIRS) would assist users in prioritizing the patients needing monitoring and treatment. Finally, the MIRS values are validated by another group of three medical doctors to curb the research bias. The sensitivity, specificity, precision, F₁ scores, and accuracy of the MLMI model are computed to measure its efficiency. With limited input data, the proposed model shows an average accuracy, and precision of 77.33% each, while sensitivity and F₁ score are 100% and 88%, respectively.