Security Issues in IoT: Perspective Review

Abstract

The Internet of Things (IoT) has revolutionized various sectors, including healthcare, wearables, automotive, smart cities, agriculture, manufacturing, business, and home automation. As technology continues to shape everyday life, ensuring the security of IoT systems has become a critical concern. IoT devices, equipped with multiple sensors and processors, collect vast amounts of data, making them vulnerable to cyber threats. Like other connected systems, these devices are susceptible to attacks such as credential theft, firmware exploits, and hardware-based intrusions. IoT security involves safeguarding physical components, data, and network connections against unauthorized access and malicious activities. Key security measures include software and firmware updates, credential protection, device authentication, encryption, disabling unnecessary IoT functionalities, and Domain Name System (DNS) filtering. However, securing IoT networks is challenging due to the diverse range of devices, lack of standardized security protocols, and the widespread use of open-source software. This article explores security vulnerabilities across different IoT layers, examines existing mitigation strategies, and discusses potential research directions for enhancing IoT security.