5G and 6G Networks and Economic Interactions Overview

Abstract

Next-generation mobile networks, 5G and the emerging 6G, introduce transformative capabilities in connectivity, latency, and massive device support. While their technological innovations and service applications are well studied, the economic interactions among network stakeholders remain underexplored. This paper provides a comprehensive analysis of 5G and 6G ecosystems from an economic perspective, including a classification of service classes, applications, and enabling technologies. We map all relevant stakeholders, examine their interactions, and discuss business models and pricing strategies that generate revenue. The study also highlights regulatory frameworks that shape these dynamics and drive expected societal outcomes, offering insights into sustainable business strategies and policy development for next-generation communications.