Application and Future Perspectives of Keratin Protein Extracted from Waste Chicken Feather: A Review

Abstract

In the present review, we focus on the utilization of keratin from poultry biomass. Keratin is a tough, fibrous protein that is predominantly found in various biological materials. Millions of tonnes of keratin-containing biomass are produced annually by the food sector, particularly the meat industry, slaughterhouses, and wool processing. These keratin byproducts contain 15-18% nitrogen, 2-5% sulfur, 1.20% fat, and 90% protein. Keratin extraction represents an eco-friendly and economical method for producing both uniaxially and randomly oriented polymeric products. The extracted protein can be chemically and mechanically processed to create diverse cosmetic products (lotions, shampoos, hair conditioners) and biomedical materials. Naturally derived keratin is particularly suitable for human hair and skin applications. This study comprehensively examines various keratin sources, purification methods, and separation techniques from organic waste, along with their industrial applications and future prospects.