A Review on GNSS-Threat Detection and Mitigation Techniques

Abstract

Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) have played an important role in commercial, military, and industrial navigation as well as cloud computing, geospatial analysis, and digital modeling. Nowadays, with the advancement of science and technology, the capabilities of electronic warfare, including signal jamming, interference, and spoofing, have also advanced. Attacks and threats at simple, intermediate, and advanced levels endanger the security and reliability of GNSS in the commercial, industrial, and military fields such as geolocation, geospatial techniques, and digital twins. Therefore, coping with this problem and challenge is very important in maintaining security and reliability. At present, various methods and algorithms have been designed and utilized based on statistical properties, moving receivers, artificial arrays, wavelet transforms, and etc., each of which has advantages, disadvantages, and blind spots. In this paper, the necessity and requirements for dealing with GNSS threats are emphasized, and the most important research in the field of GNSS threat (jamming/interference/spoofing) detection and mitigation are studied and reviewed. Their advantages and disadvantages are discussed, and areas for improvement are also proposed.